今天问题
⊙混用词是什么？⊙
What mix-ups have made their way into the English language?
有哪些混用词进入了英语呢?
daylight-saving times
Every March and November, most Americans change their clocks to keep up with the switch into or out of daylight-saving time.
每年3月和11月，大多数美国人都会改动他们的时钟，以跟上夏时制的转化。
This practice of advancing the clocks ahead an hour is called daylight-saving time. But, because daylight savings time is used so frequently, the term is also considered acceptable.
夏时制意味着，由于时钟提早了一个小时，你在晚上就多了一个小时的日照时刻——你在节省日光。
Daylight-saving time means that since the clock is moved ahead one hour, you get one more hour of sunlight in the evening—you’re saving daylight.
这种把时钟拨快一小时的做法叫做夏时制。可是，由于夏时制运用得如此频频，这个术语也被以为是能够承受的。
Some other common variations: daylight time, daylight savings, and DST. In Italy, the practice is called ora legale, which means “legal time.” It is referred to as summer time in British English.
其他一些常见的改变：daylight time、daylight savings和DST。在意大利，这种做法被称为ora legale，意思是“合法时刻”。在英式英语中，它被称为summer time。
The practice was adopted by the US during World War I in an effort to save electricity, but there are conflicting reports on how effective it is in reducing energy usage nowadays.
这种做法是美国在第一次世界大战期间为了节省电力而选用的，可是现在关于它在削减动力运用方面的作用存在着一些有争议的报导。
Some states refuse to follow this practice. Maybe we won’t have to know the correct phrasing of this term for too much longer …
一些州回绝遵从这种做法。或许咱们不需要知道这个词的正确表达方式太久……
expresso vs espresso
The word is espresso. Oftentimes, when people don’t listen closely to a word, they just use other common-sounding words they know to surmise how the unfamiliar word is spelled.
这个词便是espresso。一般，当人们不仔细听一个单词的时分，他们只会用一个他们熟知的、听起来很一般的单词来猜想这个不熟悉的单词是怎么拼写的。
So, when people hear espresso, they think express. When you say the word and run the three syllables together, it’s hard to tell if there was an s in there or an x. Except the barista, they always know.
所以，当人们听到 espresso时，他们会想到express。当你说这个单词并把三个音节连在一起时，很难分辨出里边是s仍是x。除了咖啡师，他们总是知道。
Why an s rather than that pesky x? Well, espresso is a shortened form of the original Italian name for the drink caffe espresso (accent marks omitted).
为什么是s而不是那个厌烦的x？espresso是espresso(意式浓缩咖啡)饮料的意大利姓名的缩写方式(重音符号略)。
irregardless vs regardless
We also include irregardless in the dictionary even though many people think it’s really not a word. So, why is it in the dictionary?
虽然许多人以为irregardless并不是一个单词，但咱们仍是把它收入了词典。那么，为什么它会出现在字典里呢?
Well, regardless means “in spite of,” as in “the base jumper leaped off the building regardless of the consequences.” As far as irregardless goes, we state “It is considered nonstandard because of the two negative elements ir- and -less.
嗯，regardless意为“不管”，比方“跳楼者不管后果地跳楼”。至于irregardless，咱们声明“它被以为是不规范的，由于它有两个否定元素ir-和-less。
It was probably formed on the analogy of such words as irrespective, irrelevant, and irreparable. Those who use it, including on occasion educated speakers, may do so from a desire to add emphasis.
它或许是由比方irrespective, irrelevant, and irreparable等词的类比而构成的。那些运用它的人，包含偶然受过教育的演讲者，这样做或许是为了增强作用。
It first appeared in the early 20th century and was perhaps popularized by its use in a comic radio program of the 1930s.”
它最早出现在20世纪初，或许是在20世纪30年代的一个喜剧广播节目中才得以遍及。”
So, basically because it is so commonly used by people trying to … sound smarter … we added it to the ever-growing list of words in our dictionary. And, it’s nonstandard … not incorrect.
所以，绝大多数都是由于人们常常运用这个词来让自己……听起来更聪明……所以咱们把它加入了词典中不断增加的单词列表中。这是不规范的……没错。
snuck vs sneaked
The past tense of sneak is sneaked, so why have people stuck withsnucksince the 1800s? It’s a mystery; no English verb that ends in the -eek sound has a past tense ending in -uck.
sneak的过去式是sneaked，那么为什么人们从19世纪就开始运用snuck呢？这是一个谜；任何以-eek结束的英语动词都没有以-uck结束的过去式。
But, even though it may be “incorrect,” this isanother onewe include in the dictionary because of its common usage. Its staying power may have to do with the fact that it’s a fun word.
可是，即便它或许是“不正确的”，由于它的常见用法，这是另一个咱们将其归入字典中的词。它的持久力或许与它是一个风趣的词有关。
However, Grammarist.com says “People seem to like it, and it appears in even the most editorially scrupulous publications, so at this stage there is no basis for saying ‘snuck’ is incorrect.
可是，Grammarist.com说：“人们好像挺喜爱它，它乃至出现在修改最谨慎的出版物中，所以在这个阶段，说‘snuck’是过错的是没有根据的。
It’s just new. English has many irregular verb forms, and adding one more won’t cause harm.” Well, we certainly hope not.
这仅仅一个新词。英语有许多不规则动词方式，多加一个不会形成损伤。”嗯，咱们当然不期望这样。
brung vs brought
Apparently, in London and the American Deep South, brung is used as the past participle of bring and this has been since the 19th century. So, why do people think brung is the past tense of bring? Maybe, it’s because it is another fun one to say?
明显，在伦敦和美国南边内地，brung是bring的过去分词，这从19世纪就开始运用了。那么，为什么人们以为brung是bring的过去式呢？或许是由于这是另一个风趣的说法？
Maybe, it’s because that’s how people said it as they were brought (wink, wink) up. Or, maybe it stems from literature … In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain wrote: “I give her a turn with the paddle and brung her nose to shore; then I got my gun and slipped out and into the edge of the woods.”
或许，这是由于人们在被养大的时分便是这么说的。或许，它可动力于文学……在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中，马克·吐温写道：“我掉转船头，系到了岸边。然后带上枪，溜进了林子的边边上。”
misunderestimate vs underestimate
A certain former president known for, shall we say, his malapropisms, used misunderestimate in a sentence. We’re fairly sure he meant to say “underestimate,” though some theorize it was an intentional combination of underestimating and mistake.
咱们咱们能够说，某位前总统因其不善言辞而出名，他在一句话中运用了misunderestimate这个词。咱们适当必定他是想说“underestimate”，虽然有些人以为这是underestimating和mistake的结合。
We’re not really sure, and it’s best to just take this one out of your verbal rotation (if it’s in there) and let itrest in peaceat the Bush Library in Dallas.
咱们不是很确认，最好把这个从你的口头表达中去掉（假如它在里边的话），让它在达拉斯的布什图书馆安静地歇息。
intensive vs intents
The accurate phrase is for all intents and purposes, yet people will frequently say “for all intensive purposes.”
精确的说法是“for all intents and purposes”，可是人们会常常说“for all intensive purposes”。
Our piece on this phrases notes “the cause of the confusion is rooted in this phonetic similarity. For all intensive purposes is what is known as aneggcorn, a label invented in the early 2000s by linguist Geoffrey Pullum to describe words or phrases that are misheard and consequently reform into a new word or phrase.”
咱们在这篇文章中指出：“这种混杂的本源在于语音上的相似性。“For all intensive purposes”便是所谓的eggcorn，一种由语言学家杰弗里·普勒姆在21世纪初创造的标签，用来描绘被误听的词或短语，并因而演变成一个新词或短语。
Intents and purposes are essentially synonyms, so this phrase is redundant, but the redundancy works well to convey the meaning of all purposes. However, purposes can be intensive.
意图和意图本质上是近义词，所以这个短语是冗余的，可是冗余很好地传达了一切意图的意思。可是，方针能够是密布的。
Your purpose to work out at the gym five times a week for three-hour stretches would be characterized by a crazy (questionable) degree of intensity (i.e., “All my intensive purposes at the gym are paying off”).
你每周去健身房训练五次，每次做三个小时的扩展运动，你的方针便是要到达一个张狂的（值得置疑的）强度（比方，“我在健身房的一切强化训练都得到了报答”)。
old wise tale vs old wives' tale
We’ve all heard of the termold wives’ tale. This is defined as “a traditional belief, story, or idea that is often of a superstitious nature.” This dates back quite a ways, as it was used in the Good Book: “Have nothing to do with godless myths and old wives’ tales; rather, train yourself to be godly” (1 Timothy 4:7).
咱们都听说过“ old wives’ tale”这个词。这被界说为“一般是带有迷信性质的传统崇奉、故事或观念”。这能够追溯到很久以前，就像《圣经》里说的那样：“仅仅要弃绝那尘俗的言语，和老妇荒渺的话，在敬虔上练习自己。”(提摩太前书第4章第7节)。
But, somehow this one gets turned around as an “old wise tale,” which is not nearly the same thing. Maybe people do this because “despite invokingbigotedstereotypes of women and old people, it [still] survives.”
可是，不知何以，这变成了一个“陈旧的才智故事”，这几乎不是同一概念。或许人们这样做是由于“虽然它唤起了对妇女和白叟的顽固成见，但它(依然)存在。”
So, what is an old wives’ tale? Something like “toads cause warts” would qualify. In fact, this expression itself was known in ancient Greece and a version of it was recorded in English in 1387. Wow, poor toads.
那么，什么是无稽之谈呢？”像“癞蛤蟆会导致疣斑”这样的就有资历。事实上，这个表达本身在古希腊就现已为人所知，1387年，它的一个版别在英语中被记录下来。哇，不幸的癞蛤蟆。
你还知道哪些合成词呢？
今天生词
bigoted[ b ɡ t d]是形容词，意为“顽固的，心胸狭窄的”。
These bigoted attitudes with their stereotypical images are totally out.
他们刻板的形象和这些狭窄的观点完全过期了。
