原标题：期末英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解，初中生必备！
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态根本就拿下了语法的半壁河山。八种时态是我们在初中阶段必学必考的，期末温习时一定要加倍注重哦！
英语八大时态：
1一般现在时
标志：动词原形
1. 表明常常性或习气性动作，常与表频度的时刻状语连用：
She often speaks English.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2. 表明现在的情况、特征、工作、才能、感觉等：
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3. 表明真理、客观存在、科学现实或用于格言警句中：
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 表明现在瞬间的动作：
Here comes the bus!
5. 表明将来
1) 表按规则、方案、组织行将发作的动作（仅限于某些表明“来、去、动、停、开端、完毕、继续”等的趋向动词），能够与表明未来的时刻状语调配运用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、轿车等定时定点运转的交通情况。如：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus run?
2) 在时刻和条件状语从句中常运用一般现在时表明将来发作的工作：
When Bill comes (不必will come), ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
2一般曩昔时
标志：动词曩昔式
*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, o, u假如发字母原本的音则称为开音节，不然称为闭音节。
1. 表明曩昔某时所发作的动作或存在的情况，常与表明曩昔的时刻状语连用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等）。如：
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
2. 表明曩昔常常或重复发作的动作，特别是used to do表达的句型，自身表明的便是曩昔常常。如：
When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.
She used to visit her mother once a week.
*留意差异sb. used to do sth.（或人曩昔常常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标志符号）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（或人习气于某物/做某事，此处to是介词）。
3. 替代一般现在时，表明一种悠扬、谦让、礼貌、商议的口气。此用法仅适用于少量动词（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及神态动词could, would。如：
I wondered if you could have a word with me.
I hoped you could help me with my English.
Would you mind my sitting here?
4. 虚拟口气顶用一般曩昔时表明现在或将来时刻的动作或情况。常用句型有：
It is time that sb. did sth. “或人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth. “甘愿或人做某事”
3一般将来时
标志：will / shall + 动词原形
1. 表明将来发作的动作或存在的情况，一般与表明将来的时刻状语连用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 表明倾向性和习气性：
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构剖析：
1) will / shall + 动词原形
多用于表达片面期望或必定会发作的工作（“将会怎么”）
*shall作助动词时一般只用于榜首人称
2) be going to + 动词原形
表明行将发作或计划要做的事：
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 动词原形
表明按方案或组织即行将发作的动作：
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4) be about to + 动词原形
表明行将发作的动作，意为“立刻要做某事”，后边一般不跟时刻状语，如：
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
4现在进行时
标志：be + 动词的现在分词
1. 表明说话时正在进行的动作：
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2. 表明现阶段一向在进行的动作（说话时动作未必正在进行）：
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 表明重复呈现或习气性的动作，往往包括说话者赞扬、责怪、讨厌等心情，一般与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如：
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
4. 表明将来
1) 表明按方案、组织行将发作的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
2) 在时刻和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表明将来某时正在发作的工作。如：
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
5曩昔进行时
标志：was / were + 动词的现在分词
1. 表明曩昔某一时刻或一段时刻正在进行的动作，曩昔进行时中常用的时刻状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
2. 表明曩昔重复呈现或习气性的动作，往往包括说话者赞扬、责怪、讨厌等心情，一般与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如：
My brother was always losing his keys.
3. 表明按方案、组织曩昔某时刻行将发作的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4. 曩昔进行时有一个首要用法便是描绘一件工作发作的布景（一个长动作连续的时分，另一个短动作发作）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
6现在完结时
标志：have / has + 动词的曩昔分词
1. 表明一个曩昔发作并已完结的动刁难现在产生影响或成果，着重的是现在的情况（表明“已完结”）。如：
He has left the city. （成果：他现在不在这个城市）
Someone has broken the window. （成果：窗户破了）
2. 表明一个动作开端于曩昔，继续到现在，也或许还会继续继续下去（表明“未完结”）。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
留意 瞬间动词一般是不能用现在完结时表继续性的，但其否定结构则能够。如：
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 表明曩昔到现在为止重复发作的动作或屡次呈现的情况，常与表明频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如：
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在时刻和条件状语从句中，现在完结时表明将来某时完结的动作。如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 与现在完结时连用的常见词语
能与现在完结时连用的词语许多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常见的有：
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在曩昔/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到现在为止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到现在为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是榜首/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容词第一流 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 现在完结时与一般曩昔时的差异
1) 现在完结时着重对现在的影响和成果，与现在有联络；
而一般曩昔时着重这个动作发作的时刻是在曩昔，不触及对现在的影响。如：
I have seen this film. （我现已看过了这部电影）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨日看的这部电影）
2) 现在完结经常与含糊的时刻状语连用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或许爽性没有时刻状语；
而一般曩昔经常与详细的时刻状语连用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 现在完结时表明继续时一般运用连续性动词（如live, teach, work, know等）；
而一般曩昔经常运用瞬间动词（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易错点剖析
1) 考生简单把一些瞬间动词用现在完结时表达，这是过错的。如：
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她成婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不明白怎么差异have been to和have gone to，虽然两者均可后接地址，但have been to表明去过某地（现在现已回来了），have gone to表明到某地去了（现在还没回来）。如：
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7曩昔完结时
标志：had + 动词的曩昔分词
1. 表明在曩昔的某个时刻或动作曾经现已发作的动作或现已存在的情况。如：
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表明从曩昔某一时刻开端，一向连续到曩昔另一时刻的动作或情况。如：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的曩昔完结时表明主语未曾完成的期望、期望、计划。如：
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. （虚拟口气）在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后边的从句中，运用曩昔完结时表明与曩昔现实相反的片面期望。如：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
5. 曩昔完结时与一般曩昔时
1) 根本差异：曩昔完结时表明以曩昔某时刻为起点曾经所发作的动作或存在的情况，即曩昔完结时着重“曩昔的曩昔”，而一般曩昔时只表明以现在时刻为起点曾经所发作的工作或存在的情况。如：
He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）
He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。（离他说话时两年）
2) 分外的留意：两个动作假如按次序发作，又不着重先后，或许用then, and, but等连词衔接时，多用一般曩昔时。如：
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
8曩昔将来时
标志：would + 动词原形
1. 表明从曩昔某一时刻来看行将发作的动作或存在的情况，一般用于主句为曩昔时的宾语从句中。如：
He said he would come here next Friday.
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
2. 表明曩昔的动作习气或倾向：
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.
When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.
3. 用于虚拟口气中：
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
4. 曩昔将来时的其他方式
1) was / were going to + 动词原形。如：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
2) was / were to + 动词原形。如：
The building was to be completed next month.
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
3) was / were about to + 动词原形。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
责任编辑：
